Military iqtā’ (fiefs), governed by Seljuk princes, were established to provide support for the soldiery and to accommodate the nomadic Turks to the established Anatolian agricultural scene. Domestic affairs were handled by Nizam al-Mulk, who also founded the administrative organization that characterized and strengthened the sultanate during the reigns of Alp Arslan and his son, Malik Shah I. Īlp Arslan's strength lays in the military realm.
Abu Ali Hasan was also given the title of "Nizam al-Mulk" ("Order of the Realm"). Alp Arslan, with the aid of Abu Ali Hasan, defeated Kutalmish and succeeded him on April 27, 1064.Īfter Alp Arslan had consolidated his power in the Sejluk realm, he appointed Abu Ali Hasan as his vizier who would remain in that position throughout the reigns of Alp Arslan (1063–1072) and Malik-Shah I (1072–1092). His cousin Kutalmish who had both been a vital part of his campaigns and later a supporter of Yinal's rebellion also put forth a claim. When Tughril died childless in the city of Ray, he was succeeded by his nephew Suleiman which was contested by Alp Arslan, both of them sons of his brother Chaghri. He later became chief administrator of the entire Khorasan province by 1059. Service to the Seljuks Reign of Tughril and Alp Arslan Īround the year of 1043, Abu Ali Hasan stopped serving the Ghaznavids and entered the service of the Seljuk Turks. He remained in Ghazni for three or four years, when he left the Ghaznavid court and entered service with the Seljuks. Hasan followed his father to Ghazni, and it is there where he first assumed a government office. However, when the Seljuk Turks defeated the Ghaznavids at the Battle of Dandanaqan in 1040, and conquered Khorasan, Abu Ali Hasan's father fled to Ghazni. His father Ali ibn Ishak served as a financial officer to the Ghaznavids. Growing up he studied Shafi fiqh and the Ashari school of theology. 1 Early life and service to the GhaznavidsĮarly life and service to the Ghaznavids Ību Ali Hasan was born on 10 April 1018, in a small village named Radkan, near Tus, in Iran, to a dehqan family.He also wrote the Book of Government, a political treatise that uses historical examples to discuss justice, effective rule, and the role of government in Islamic society, which would go on to inspire the works of Ibn Khaldun and became the prototype for Machiavellian thought throughout Europe. This was seen to be as the first government sponsored education system in history and as the inspiration behind the university system in Western Europe. One of his most important legacies was the founding of the madrasa system in cities across the Seljuk Empire which were called the Nizamiyyas after him. Viewed by many historians as "the most important statesman in Islamic history", the policies implemented by Nizam al-Mulk would go on to remain as the basic foundation for administrative state structures in the Muslim world up until the 20th Century. Rising from a lowly position within the empire, he effectively became the de-facto ruler of the empire for 20 years after the assassination of Sultan Alp Arslan in 1072, serving as the archetypal "good vizier". Abu Ali Hasan ibn Ali Tusi (Ap– October 14, 1092), better known by his honorific title of Nizam al-Mulk ( Persian: نظامالملک, lit.'Order of the Realm' ) was a Persian scholar, jurist, political philosopher and Vizier of the Seljuk Empire.
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